Baby’s vision.

Hi,

            It’s a special feeling to hold your newborn and look in his/her eyes for the first time. But, have you wondered how the newborn sees you and the world around? 

             The baby’s vision development begins before birth, therefore it is very important to take proper nutrition, supplements, rest and avoid unnecessary medications, smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

            After birth, a newborn’s vision is limited to black and white and shades of greys as the nerve cells in retina and brain that controls colour vision are not fully developed. A newborn baby focuses best on objects that are between 20 to 30 cms from him/her. It takes several months for a baby’s vision to develop completely after birth. A newborn baby’s eyes are already 65 percent of their adult size!. 

           Good vision plays an important role in a child’s life and help them learn to see the world. Vision problems in babies can cause developmental delays. Therefore it is important to detect early, any vision problem to ensure that babies have the opportunity to develop the visual abilities they need to grow and learn.

           

           Parents and caregivers play an important role in developing a child’s vision. They can help their child develop his/her vision by engaging them in age-appropriate activities and toys.
Following are milestones that a baby should reach after birth until 12 months as he/she grows -

0 to 2 months - 
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1. Makes eye contact with parents and caregivers.
2. Focuses on the light source.
3. Looks sideways.
4. Loves to see big, bright and contrasting images.

Activities and Toys that help :
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- Get close to the baby and talk to them so that they can see you and hear you.

- Setup nursery in contrasting colours and big images.
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- Show Contrast books and flashcards.
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3 to 4 months -
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1. Recognizes parents and caregiver faces, few colours.
2. Shows interest in tracking sounds and objects.
3. Turns to sides to explore the world around.
4. Tries to reach out to objects.

Activities and Toys that help :
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- Talk to them, sing lullabies.
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- Use rattles and musical toys.
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-Hang moving objects on the baby’s crib to help them track the moving objects.
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5 to 8 months -
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1. Most of the vision development is completed, now their vision will be 3D.
2. Controlled eye movements, tracks moving objects.
3. Understands near and far objects.
4. Studies own hands and feet
5. Grabs things and work on hand eye coordination 
6. Scans across room to find something or someone.

Activities and Toys that help -
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- Playing with toys that move.
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- Playing with toys that promote hand eye coordination.
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- Reading books with colourful pictures. 
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- Soft, stuffed toys.
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9 to 12 months -
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1. By now, the child’s vision should have reached to normal adult level. They can see everything.
2. Improved depth perception.
3. Loves peek a boo.
4. Recognises and finds hidden toys.
5. Grabs moving toy.
6. Tries to mirror actions, sounds and expressions.
7. Recognises more faces, babbles, studies people and things around. 

Activities and Toys that help -
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- Exposure to environment, nature - plants, flowers, water, rain, sunshine.

- Exposure to various textures, sensory play.
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- Interactive and early learning books.
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Signs/Symptoms that require further diagnosis from the doctor to rule out any problem in baby’s eyesight -
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1. Increased sensitivity to light.
2. No sensitivity to bright light at all.
3. Too many tears.
4. Excessive redness and swelling.
5. Frequent movements of eyes.
6. white pupils.
7. Not looking in the direction of light and sound.

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